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購(gòu)買(mǎi)進(jìn)口儀器、試劑和耗材——就在始于2001年的畢特博生物 www.njtrx.cn |
細(xì)胞利用氧氣產(chǎn)生能量的中心是線粒體,但這一過(guò)程并不完美,氧氣會(huì)泄露出來(lái)與其他元素結(jié)合,生成具有破壞性的氧化劑,會(huì)損害或殺死身體組織。Lon蛋白酶能從線粒體中清除被氧化了的蛋白質(zhì),對(duì)保護(hù)線粒體、維持線粒體再生起著重要作用。 研究小組在2002年時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)了Lon蛋白酶,并發(fā)現(xiàn)其數(shù)量會(huì)隨著年齡增加而減少。線粒體功能會(huì)隨機(jī)體老化而下降,一個(gè)重要方面就是Lon蛋白酶的減少。當(dāng)氧化劑攻擊細(xì)胞時(shí),氧化壓力會(huì)使細(xì)胞召集這些酶來(lái)增援以抗氧化。在新研究中,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)老年細(xì)胞的Lon蛋白酶在應(yīng)對(duì)氧化壓力時(shí)明顯遲鈍,而且數(shù)量不再增加。 “如果沒(méi)有Lon蛋白酶‘后備軍’,‘常備軍’就無(wú)法抵抗氧化劑的持續(xù)進(jìn)攻。”論文作者之一、南加州大學(xué)列奧納多·戴維斯老年醫(yī)學(xué)院教授凱文·戴維斯解釋說(shuō),抗老化是一場(chǎng)最持久的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),后備酶的補(bǔ)充至關(guān)重要。 研究小組把人類(lèi)肺部細(xì)胞暴露在過(guò)氧化氫(一種強(qiáng)氧化劑,機(jī)體代謝某些藥物、毒素、殺蟲(chóng)劑或除草劑時(shí)可能產(chǎn)生過(guò)氧化氫)中進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn),觀察細(xì)胞與氧化劑之間的戰(zhàn)斗。他們發(fā)現(xiàn),年輕細(xì)胞能在5小時(shí)內(nèi)使細(xì)胞中的Lon蛋白酶“后備軍”的數(shù)量增加一倍,并保持一整天,在一些實(shí)驗(yàn)中,年輕細(xì)胞甚至能將“后備軍”增加到7倍;中年細(xì)胞要花一整天才能調(diào)動(dòng)“后備軍”使酶的數(shù)量加倍,在此期間細(xì)胞則暴露于有害的氧化蛋白質(zhì)中;而在老年細(xì)胞中,“常備軍”也只能調(diào)動(dòng)起一半,而且在24小時(shí)內(nèi)并無(wú)“后備軍”增援。 目前,研究小組正在研究能提高Lon蛋白酶功能的新方法。戴維斯指出,機(jī)體誘發(fā)合成Lon蛋白酶的能力、抗氧化壓力的能力在老化過(guò)程中更為重要,但服用Lon蛋白酶來(lái)抗衰老是沒(méi)用的,因?yàn)樵谒鼈兊竭_(dá)目標(biāo)之前,就會(huì)被消化系統(tǒng)分解成氨基酸。 Impairment of Lon-Induced Protection Against the Accumulation of Oxidized Proteins in Senescent Wi-38 Fibroblasts Jenny K. Ngo1,2, Laura C. D. Pomatto1, Daniela A. Bota3, Alison L. Koop1 and Kelvin J. A. Davies1,2 Oxidative damage to mitochondrial proteins is thought to contribute to the aging process, but the Lon protease normally degrades such proteins. In early-passage WI-38 human lung fibroblasts, Lon expression is rapidly induced during H2O2 stress, which prevents the accumulation of oxidized proteins and protects cell viability. In contrast, middle passage cells exhibit only sluggish induction of Lon expression in oxidative stress, and oxidized proteins initially accumulate. Late-passage, or senescent, cells have low basal levels of Lon and high levels of accumulated oxidized proteins; in response to oxidative stress, they fail to induce Lon expression and exhibit continually increasing accumulation of oxidized proteins. Senescent cells separated into two populations, one exhibiting normal mitochondrial mass and a second displaying significant loss of mitochondria; both populations had diminished mitochondrial transmembrane potential. These senescent changes are similar to the effects of Lon silencing in young cells. We suggest that loss of Lon stress inducibility is part of a pattern of diminishing stress adaptability that predisposes cells to senescence.
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購(gòu)買(mǎi)進(jìn)口儀器、試劑和耗材——就在始于2001年的畢特博生物
www.njtrx.cn |
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